ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Unknown origin pneumonia has been furiously spreading since the late of December 2019, subsequently spread to approximately all provinces and areas in China and many countries, which was announced as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by World Health Organization (WHO). The studies on 2019 Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) conducted from various fields around the world. Herein, the objective of the present study is to summarize the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, traceability analysis, and drug development of COVID-19. METHODS: The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang Data. Other relevant literature will be manually searched as a compliment. We have reviewed etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, and medication from case reports and retrospective clinical studies relating to COVID-19 published since the outbreak. RESULTS: The coronavirus is closely related to bat coronavirus and pangolin coronavirus. Besides, the infection pathway is confirmed to be the respiratory and digestive systems. The virus indicates person-to-person transmission and some patients present asymptomatic. The elderly have a higher mortality rate. Rapid and sensitive nucleic acid testing is usually used as a basis for diagnosis. Currently, there is no specific vaccine and antiviral drug. Intervention actions such as travel bans and quarantine adopted have effectively reduced the spread of the epidemic. CONCLUSION: This systemic review will provide high-quality evidence to summarize etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, traceability analysis, drug development in patients with COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Age Factors , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , China , Comorbidity , Coronavirus Infections/etiology , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Cytokines/metabolism , Humans , Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/pathology , Pandemics , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Pneumonia, Viral/etiology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Prognosis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , SARS-CoV-2 , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an ongoing pandemic of new coronavirus pneumonia (corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19). The virus has a long incubation period and strong infectivity, which poses a major threat to global health and safety. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid lies at the center of rapid detection of COVID-19, which is instrumental for mitigation of the ongoing pandemic. As of August 17, 2020, The National Medical Products Administration in China has approved 15 new coronavirus nucleic acid detection kits, 10 kits of which are based on reverse transcription-real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) technology. The remaining kits use five molecular diagnostic technologies different from RT-qPCR. This article reviews the principles, reaction time, advantages and disadvantages of above 15 detection kits, in order to provide references for rapid screening, diagnosis, prevention and control of COVID-19 and similar infectious diseases.